To What Extent Was The French Revolution Caused By Economic Depression Essay Example For Students

How much Was The French Revolution Caused By Economic Depression Essay In June 1789 the French upheaval had started. For the following five years there would be slaughter all through France, the nation was experiencing an extreme change, the adjustment in sway and the disappointment of the established government being two instances of this. In any case, how much was this brought about by financial pain? Before having the option to respond to the inquiry, one would need to build up the meaning of ‘economic distress’ it could be characterized as the hopelessness individuals (particularly the lower class) looked because of low salary and expense expansion or the wretchedness that the whole nation was in because of the tremendous obligations, which had amassed because of the wars, which were battled. The monetary circumstance was just one of the components that made the individuals question the government in pre-progressive France. France was in extraordinary obligation and practically bankrupt however this didn't prevent them from battling war s. The obligation †a monetary issue †transformed into a social one, when the workers were burdened intensely so as to pay for the obligation, this made them question enormously their situation in the public arena and the adequacy of their government. Dry season and other cataclysmic events destroyed harvest creation, causing food costs to rise drastically. With charges rising and costs as well, workers were living in starvation and in poor day to day environments. The illumination had the option to move progressive contemplations inside the individuals. Individuals started to surrender their convictions in divine right and concentrated more on the considerations of correspondence and society being run to assist all. The financial circumstance just caused individuals to acknowledge different issues concerning legislative issues and society. An unrest (The total topple of a set up government or social request by those beforehand subject to it) would mean total change of poli tical, ideological and efficient convictions, so for such an intense change to be fundamental there would should be issues in these territories in the first place. We will compose a custom article on To What Extent Was The French Revolution Caused By Economic Depression explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In Pre-progressive France there were three homes the main bequest (pastorate), the subsequent home (aristocrats) and the third domain (bourgeoisie, lower class and urban specialists). The vast majority of the ministry originated from honorable foundations, as it was common for the most youthful children of affluent families to join the congregation so as to share its riches. The church’s riches originated from tithes (an extent or the each year’s crop paid to the congregation via landowners) and the immense measure of land that it possessed. They ministry were excluded from charges; rather they arranged a wear gratuit with the lord. The wear gratuit was a yearly installment to the crown and was in every case considerably less than what might need to be paid in ordinary tax assessment. The congregation had a lot of intensity too as the state religion was Catholicism, it was their obligation to spread to thoughts of celestial right. The subsequent bequest was by a wide ma rgin, the wealthiest and generally ground-breaking. They were absolved from settling direct duties (until the 1749 vingtieme when they despite everything paid short of what they would have done in the event that they were from the third domain) and doing military help, for example, the corvee (constrained work on streets) and brought in their cash through the land they possessed (somewhere in the range of 15% and 25% of all land in France). They additionally gets seigneural (medieval) duty which were charges that the laborers were committed to pay so as to utilize the lord’s factory, stove, wine press, reproducing stock, passing expenses, legacy assessments and offer of-property charges. The third home was comprised of three sections; the bourgeoisie, who were the wealthiest and most instructed piece of the bequest, a significant number of them being lenders, landowners, specialists, scholars and government workers. It was likewise feasible for rich bourgeoisie to purchase co rrupt workplaces to become aristocrats (be that as it may, most praising workplaces requires in any event two ages of proprietors before respectability could be purchased. The other piece of the domain was the working class. It was the least affluent and generally various (85% of the French populace lived in the open country and most were workers). A large number of the workers were laboureurs (individuals who developed enough food to take care of themselves, these were the individuals who discovered it particularly hard when the harvest was harmed because of terrible climate conditions in 1769-71, 1778-79, 1781-82, 1785-86 or more every one of the 1788-89. Different laborers who were additionally enormously influenced by this were the tenant farmers who had no capital and gave a large portion of their produce to their landowners. All laborers needed to take care of primitive obligations, for example, the corvee, offerings to the congregation and furthermore needed to pay expenses, for example, the taille, vingtieme, capitation, and gabelle. Workers likewise needed to pay rents, which expanded extraordinarily somewhere in the range of 1705 and 1789 to add to their costs. The third piece of the home was the urban specialists who were incompetent and poor. They were exposed to horrifying living and working conditions and the starvation hit them the hardest as they couldn't manage the cost of the bread which shaped seventy five percent of the laborers diet. Pre-progressive France was run under a dictatorial system. The government was total, its forces comprised of: The National System of Justice, their job with the catholic church, the option to arrange tax collection and pioneer of the military powers, a fruitful pioneer would should have the option to deal with this force with certainty and trustworthiness. Louis XVI was excessively feeble, awfully ambivalent and all in he was not such an individual who ought to have held such duties. The premise of the unrest was built up when Louis XIV went to the seat. He was an outright ruler who caused the aristocrats abhorrence of government by diminishing their capacity and removing them from their territory. In 1661 Louis burned through $100 million to manufacture the Versailles castle, his luxurious going through left the nation with an enormous obligation. He likewise went through a lot of cash battling a progression of wars trying to overwhelm Europe. Louis XV was not any more effective, he endeavored to change the crooked tax assessment by constraining the in the past excluded respectability and church to pay charge this was corrected after his passing. In 1771 the parlements were pulled together and deprived of their forces to hinder regal announcements, this presented the possibility of the lord being a tyrannical pioneer (a pioneer who acts illicitly). Louis XV likewise spent tremendous measures of cash on 3 fruitless wars; the war of the Polish progression, the war of the Austrian Successi on and the seven years war where France lost the entirety of its abroad states to Britain, adding to the obligation and making the individuals accept that the ruler was answerable for France’s loss of intensity. Louis XVI was powerless silly and very ambivalent. His shortcoming was apparent when as opposed to executing charge changes he stayed away from the honorability and simply continued obtaining cash, making a pattern of steady credits, by 1786 the obligation totaled 3 billion livres and the shortfall had come to 125 million livres. Something else, which the French open loathed about the government, was that the sovereign was Marie Antoinette; to them she was the image of an unnatural coalition with Austria, which had prompted France’s rout in the seven years war. She enormously impacted the choices of the ruler, for instance the representative general, Turgot, was sacked on the grounds that she disdained him. Louis’ hesitation is appeared in the manner he managed critical issues, for instance; it took a half year to examine the review of the parlement in 1774, in 1778 the passage into the American war of freedom took two years of choosing and the conference of the get together of notables in 1787 (where there was desperation) took five months. Obviously Louis was not fit to be a ruler. .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .postImageUrl , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:hover , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:visited , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:active { border:0!important; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:active , .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:hover { mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2 d .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u12887faff266160c10247ac19089bb2d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning righ

The United States Constitution

Presentation The United States’ constitution has stood the trial of time since its reception in late eighteenth century. During seventeenth century, Americans were under pioneer decide that denied them rights and powers to administer themselves. At that point, Americans battled for their freedom step by step by requesting their acknowledgment and incorporation into the pilgrim government that had mistreated for very some time.Advertising We will compose a custom evaluation test on The United States Constitution explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Colonialists overwhelmed the US in mid seventeenth century from different pieces of the world, significantly Europe since they were getting away from strict abuse and looking for extensive land for horticulture. Under persecution, Americans made a few activities in an offer to free themselves and these activities finished into autonomy in 1776. As indicated by Garrett, in 1765, 13 states met to talk about the infrin gement of central rights and in 1774 and 1775, first and second mainland congress separately set out to have autonomy (12). In 1776, the United States got its autonomy and embraced another constitution in 1787. This constitution has become the legitimate reason for the current government. In spite of the way that the plan of the United States’ constitution goes back to over 230 years prior, it is still strikingly practical in the advanced government. The introduction of the United States’ constitution imagines an ideal association of different states dependent on regular guard, freedom, equity and serenity. Despite the fact that the preface goes back to over two centuries prior, it framed the premise of administrative type of government that despite everything exists today. American government has a bureaucratic model of government that different nations are attempting to copy for it is an ideal association of assorted states. Garrett contends that the United Statesâ⠂¬â„¢ constitution has stood the trial of time since it set up government as it exists as of now (19). The presence of the government reflects feasibility of the United States’ constitution in present day administration. Consequently, current association of states has its premise in the United States’ constitution, which imagined flawless association and how national government works and relates with focal government. The United States’ constitution is as yet practical in present day administration since it has a versatile provision that makes it adaptable and versatile to current changes, which are steady with new types of administration. As indicated by Section 8 of Article I, Congress has forces to make vital revisions that are basic and steady with the United States’ constitution.Advertising Looking for appraisal on political theories? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The United States’ co nstitution is a lawful system that grapples a few revisions and arrangements taking into account developing lawful issues of administration in the cutting edge world. Wedes contends that, the versatile statement is especially pertinent to present day administration since it doesn't just offer capacity to Congress to lead fundamental and proper revisions, yet in addition guarantees that the constitution is couple with dynamic needs of administration (p.1). For example, Congress has made a few changes in methods of tax collection, guideline of business and security issues as to fear based oppression. Hence, flexible provision has made the United States’ constitution stay feasible and solid in current administration. In addition, the revision procedure of the United States’ constitution is firmly tough to shield it from undue mutilation and changes that would cause it to lose its reasonability after some time. The United States’ constitution has the initial ten cha nges that structure premise of human rights, which are natural. From autonomy, the initial ten alterations have remained and are really practical as they are arrangements that specify natural and unchanging privileges of each resident in America. For example, the primary change to the United States’ constitution gives and ensures opportunity of articulation, religion, affiliation and request. The principal change guaranteed Americans that the government will ensure and make sure about their privileges for successors. Moreover, Garlinger states that, the fourteenth amendment to the United States’ constitution precludes any state from making or implementing any law that confine the benefits or deny life, freedom and property (p.32). Henceforth, disregarding various endeavors to revise the constitution, the corrections to United States’ constitution are key to human rights and have become the foundation in promotion of human rights, along these lines still reasonab le in the current government. Preeminent Court of the United States additionally has forces to survey the lawfulness of resolutions, revisions and bargains that congress makes to ensure their consistency with the constitution. As indicated by Prakash and Yoo, Marbury v. Madison (1803), set a point of reference, which offered forces to Supreme Court to survey the lawfulness of congressional rules and alterations (890). Presently, Supreme Court despite everything has forces to survey and decide the lawfulness of rules and alterations of the Congress. In this manner, Supreme Court has a significant job in guaranteeing that the United States’ constitution stays practical and predictable over all ages aside from barely any corrections that upgrade its application in present day governance.Advertising We will compose a custom appraisal test on The United States Constitution explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Although the United States’ constitu tion is more than 200 years of age, it is still profoundly important in current society. The constitution gives a legitimate system, which stays a few arrangements and corrections that happen over a period. The legitimate system of the United States’ constitution has moderately stayed consistent for more than 200 years, is as yet important and practical on the grounds that it is adaptable in embracing new legal and administering changes. It is very apparent that the United States’ constitution been steady for an extensive stretch as a result of administrative type of government, versatile condition, severe correction process and legal audit, all of which validate its suitability and significance in the cutting edge United States. Works Cited Garlinger, Paul. â€Å"United States Constitution: The Amendments.† New York University Law Review 2.4 (2009): 30-34. Garrett, Sandy. US History, Constitution and Government. New York: Harcourt Publisher, 2005. Prakash, Sa ikrishna, and Yoo, John. â€Å"The Origins of Judicial Review.† Chicago Law Review, 2003: 887-933. Wedes, Samuel. â€Å"A Living Constitution, the United States Constitution: Does It Stand The Test of Time?† Government, 2006: 1-33. This evaluation on The United States Constitution was composed and put together by client Emmalee Herring to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Operation Systems Essays - Software, Linux Kernel, Pat,

Activity Systems Do you see discontinuity in the Linux dispersion market to be a decent, awful, or impartial thing? Do you imagine that themedia free for all over Linux will in general damage other commendable OS ventures like the BSDs and BeOS? Do you feel that enormous business' entrance into the Linux market will change the blessing society parts of Linux, or will the organizations being referred to adjust to Linux? Or then again both? What do you believe is coming up for mankind as far as relations between governments, organizations, and people? Do you imagine that we ought to effectively seek after colonization of different planets in our star framework as of now, and on the off chance that not, at that point when? Abe answers: You'll feel good on the off chance that you take the long view. Your inquiries all tie together and fit the subject of ask Abe well. One section going with peers in Mexico in addition to two sections adolescent clash and one section media mutilation rises to The Bad Guy? I deviate, yet as per MTV it does. In any case, the media resembles a major infant with a baby's a lack of ability to concentrate consistently clutter - it centers and most likely attempts to wreck each thing in turn; soon enough it proceeds onward. The job of large business is less unsurprising however I think at long last liable to demonstrate less harming. For a certain something, important business isn't as large as it once seemed to be; there's loads of cash to toss around, sure, however achievement (a la Silicon Valley lodging costs) eventually prompts disappointment. Yin to yang. So at the present time, perhaps the soonest supporters of Linux are pondering getting the money for inwives and children and home loans can do that to you. In any case, behind them are progressively youthful coders who will keep the wonder of generally shared free OS alive. That old joke about Microsoft and the Catholic church isn't generally such interesting, however Martin Luther tagged along. And afterward when the Lutheran church got fat and dull with legitimate state sponsorship, new ages upholding a kinder, less complex (and more affordable) church went along. Same with working programming, just in a time allotment of months, not hundreds of years. The procedure of innovative decimation is unavoidable. Genuine additionally for our human self-association. Following a couple hundred years, we're in a time of decay for the country state. Fringes are porous (or in a general sense futile) in the PC age. I don't have the foggiest idea whether your inquiry originates from Peoria or Paris and it doesn't make a difference. There's still dread and an incredible regard for immaterial divisions among mankind, yet there are numerous confident signs that that is evolving. Indeed, even in a gathering like this we will in general test each other's thoughts without reference to sexual orientation, race or religion. That is pleasant; that is a decent model for the improvement of the world. In the long run government, business and the individual won't be viewed as hostile components however as agreeable strings on the violin of human culture. Furthermore, when we have advanced as artists, at that point we will be free, prepared and anxious to investigate and colonize space. brianvan inquires: (He had numerous inquiries; this is only one of them) ...you're an individual who had an unpleasant youth who happens to be acceptable at PCs. What are your considerations on making PCs and the Internet available to the monetarily tested? What can individuals do to ensure that nobody passes up the PC age, including the individuals who are poor as well as destitute? Abe answers: Your general inquiry is a bigger issue that merits additional time than I've been given here. I feel unequivocally about creation PCs and the Internet a power for advancing more prominent pay fairness and instructing everyone to their most noteworthy potential, however procedures for doing that are mind boggling. One significant thing is to have any kind of effect in your own networks, and right currently I'm an undergrad. The Associated Students of Cuesta College (ASCC) have a yearly financial plan of approx $100,000. Through contribution with the understudy senate, I've discovered that 4000 of those valuable dollars had been parceled off for updates of M$ office for the free ASCC PC lab. I will possess to chip in my own energy for arrangement, and I will probably need to 'convert' an IS director or two simultaneously, however I can promise you that while I'm

Tips For Writing an Applying for a Special Education Students Admissions Test

Tips For Writing an Applying for a Special Education Student's Admissions TestApplying for a special education student's admissions test can be a fun thing to do. It can be a relief to know that you have what it takes to get into your dream school. There are several tips you should follow when writing an application to achieve your goal. You should be familiar with the characteristics and career planning abilities of a student that is evaluating your application.One thing to remember when applying for a test is that you can only apply to a school that you are applying to. Even if you apply to one of the specialized high schools, there are many types of schools that are not meant for special needs students. Once you apply, you have to be sure that you keep a list of all the schools that have a special needs acceptance policy. You should also make sure that you keep a list of all the schools that have high standards for college admissions. If you have done your research and have made s ure that the school you have chosen meets your requirements, you should try to find a school that has no high school or low, high school type.There are many different types of essay samples that you can use for your application. The first thing to think about is the length of the essay. The length of the essay is usually measured by the length of the essay itself. The length of the essay will help you decide how much of the essay will be used in the actual essay.The length of the essay will depend on the grade you have achieved. It also depends on the essay that you have prepared. You should prepare as much material as possible for your essay so that you can give the essay the best chance of being read. One important aspect of your essay is to be concise. This means that the essay should be concise and to the point. You should include all of the relevant information that will be necessary for the admissions officers to read and comprehend.If you want to know how to write a special e ducation essay, you need to find a book that will give you tips on how to write the essays. Many books are available that will help you help you to be able to express your thoughts clearly. You need to be able to communicate your ideas clearly in the essay. Be sure that you include all of the information that is necessary.When you are ready to write your essay, you need to find the right attitude. When you are writing your essay, you will need to be prepared. If you are going to be submitting your essay for an admissions test, you need to have a strong level of attitude. Some people may have a low attitude when they are trying to work out how to write an essay but they are able to control their frustration and write effectively. If you have a low attitude when you are writing an essay, you may find it difficult to write the essay well.When you are ready to submit your essay for an admissions test, you need to be prepared to write an impressive explanation of your special education n eeds. The essays are often the deciding factor for whether or not you are accepted to a school.

Gender Inequality A Man Who Works Full Time - 1630 Words

Gender inequality is something that has been affecting our world for a very long time. You can see it all throughout history. From women entering the workforce for the first time, to women protesting on the street, fighting for the right to vote. The concept people don t understand is that this is still affecting our world today. Did you know that a man who works full time earns a median of $889 a week? Do you know how much a woman makes? A woman who works full-time earns a median of $721 a week. That s a $168 difference between males and females in the workforce. Also, what about the names that women are called on a daily basis? Slut, hoe, whore, skank, all of these judgemental names are what women are called every day, whether it s true or not. Gender inequality is everywhere, but most people are just too blind to notice. This year in our English class, we read a few important pieces of literature that have helped us understand and explain gender inequality throughout history. One big piece that stood out to us is William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Sampson mentions to Gregory,† ’Tis true; and therefore women, being the/ weaker vessels, are ever thrust to the wall. Therefore/ I will push Montague’s men from the wall, and/ thrust his maids to the wall† (1.1. 16-19). This not only states that women are weaker and should be thrown to the side, but the use of â€Å"thrust to the wall† suggests that they feel that women are only good for sex. Romeo and Juliet took place inShow MoreRelatedThe Inequality Between Men And Women1529 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout time, women have been treated differently than men. History teaches us that in the past, women could not own property, women could not vote and women were often denied the opportunity to work at paying jobs and were often expected to stay home to raise and care for their families. 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Aside from assaults of all kind and being demoted on a regular basis, women are treated unfairly and are seen dominant for stereotypical matters. Gender discrimination influences one’s mind to believe that gender is a factor in one’s value and the issue isn’t getting much better.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Although a majority of gender discrimination is on females, and though

Animal Farm, 1984 and John F. Kennedy - 503 Words

John F. Kennedy had once said, â€Å"Conformity is the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth.† This erudite quote is saying that people often conform to things and due to their conformity they not able to have their own thoughts or opinions. John F. Kennedy has a great percipience of life and mankind; if you follow others, you are doing only what others want, therefore you impede your own growth. Throughout Animal Farm and 1984 both by George Orwell, this is seen by the use of motifs, characterization and symbolism. In Animal Farm, George Orwell uses motifs and characterization to demonstrate how conformity can take ones freedom away and stop them from expressing their own ideas. The â€Å"Beasts of England† song is a great example of a motif that’s supports John F. Kennedy’s quote. In Animal Farm, this song and many other songs/slogans act as propaganda. This song keeps the spirit of rebellion in their hearts and makes them feel like everything is better without the humans’ rule. 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Social Identity Processes in Organizational Contexts

Question: Discuss about the Social Identity Processes in Organizational Contexts. Answer: Introduction The main objective of this paper is the identification of the importance of personality to accomplish organizational position. It has been observed that in the organizational process, during the recruitment of employees the managers emphasize on the personality trait as compared to the talent and expertise. This paper attempts to explain various reasons that make the aspect of personality an important factor to determine the organizational management in the recruitment of employees. Organizational progress includes accomplishment of different roles and skills that depend on personality traits (Bolino et al. 2013). The unique traits of personality of a person such as creativity, discipline, integrity and interpersonal communicational styles are elemental in providing a satisfactory customer service and to handle pressure. The assignment will therefore, investigate the importance of a good personality traits for the success of the organization and will evaluate the developmental aspect s in the organizational behavior. Theories of organisational behaviour This theory has been developed in the early twentieth century by Frederick Taylor and had four key principles: 1) To find an efficient way to perform and succeed in the organizational setting, 2) Coordinating all the employees and expert in each task, 3) Supervising employees and workers by punishments and rewards as the motivation for them and 4) To control and plan effectively during the end of the task (Champoux 2016). Taylor was effective in the improvement of the rate of production by using his theory of classical organization. His techniques contained hiring skilled workforce and equipments. He also investigated the production in the organization. He combined various parameters that helped to yield productivity in the organization. His theory yielded good results in business organizations that were simple but it failed to perform in an effective manner in the other organizations having modern structure. Contingency theory was constructed by an native psychologist of Austria named Fred Edward Fiedler. It is based on the fact that any course of action depends on the situations that occur internally and externally. It comprises of three factors that are the relation between the member and the leader in the organization, structure of the task and the power of the position. These factors play a pivotal role in the growth of the organization (Greenberg and Colquitt 2013). It was proposed by Ludwig von Bertalanffy in the year 1928 who was a Hungarian scholar. According to this theory all the segments of an association are related to each other and the transformation of one variable can affect others. It says that a system can easily be an open one or a closed one and an open system can interact with the environment and a closed system cannot interact with the environment (Rice 2013). Evaluating potential organisational problems and formulation of proactive managerial interventions Culture is characterized by various traditions and the history of individuals. It includes individuals having same ethnicity, nationality, religion and dialect. (Bolino et al. 2013). Organizations include various individuals of different backgrounds and cultures. A hierarchical culture cannot fit social ability and help in the building of aptitude comes in. An association that is equipped socially helps in uniting learning about various individuals and changes them into guidelines and practices that help in the success of the organization (Hogg and Terry 2014). Importance of diversity: It means to respect and accept various differences in different cultures. The individuals in the organization have different cultural backgrounds and belong to different races, religion and speak different languages. They shift to different areas and get along with and mix with individuals belonging to different communities and religion. Studies suggests that variables like residence, sexual orientation and socio-economic status plays a upper hand to the racial discrimination in the current scenario. As an example, a Vietnamese couple that moved to America, and brought their kids up in a rural zone, the youngsters might recognize the European American pop culture instead of Vietnamese culture of their folks just due to prolonged exposure (Judge and Robbins 2015). By understanding such conditions can help in the better understanding of diversity that is complex in nature. Self-assessment of culture: It is important to be aware of various cultural practices in an organization. Physical distance plays an important in some cultures while interacting socially (Langton et al. 2013). It is mistreated if an individual touches the hand of the other person with whom he or she is interacting with and it should be prevented. The organization should perform a self- assessment of culture for it individuals to help them in adjusting people from different cultural backgrounds (Pinder 2014). Understanding the dynamics of difference: There are various factors that can affect the interaction the interaction between different cultures. For instance, Native Americans and African American have experienced mistreatment and are discriminated by individuals belonging to different cultures. These experiences suffered by the cultural group can transfer it to other generations and affect them in a negative manner. The organization should help the interaction of individuals belonging to different cultural groups. Teamwork plays an instrumental role in the path of success of any organization and the individuals should respect each others culture that will help in communicating effectively and making the organizations to reach new heights (Langton, Robbins and Judge 2013). Integrating knowledge of culture: The organization should help in instilling knowledge of different cultures by developing various programs and policies. The employees must be trained in an effective manner to provide knowledge of various cultures. Adaptation of diversity: Adaptation of diversity is very important for the individuals in the organization. The members should respect and value the tradition and culture of all the members that will help them in communicating effectively (DuBrin 2013). Recent developments in organisational behaviour. Globalization: Organizations have changed the workplace ambiance and style in the hopes of catching up with the upbeat and dynamic corporate world. The manner or coordination and cooperation adapted by different corporate organizations has changed in significant ways in the present century .Thomas Friedman highlights this marvel in his book "The world is level" that there are few kinds of changes that has aided in the globalization of business. There I genuine desire of worker to improve his insight and morph into an efficient masterpiece of effective business strategy by keeping in mind various problem brought by the worldwide economy to reach his goal (Crane and Matten 2016). Emerging employment relationship: Shifting paradigms in the organizations have made it extremely important to consider a part of the emerging representative relation issues that can affect the businesses in the decades to come. By understanding these emerging issues can aid the administrative body to arrange better and effective reaction to the transformations in the workplace environment. The relationship of a boss and the employee is additionally demonstrating change in the present-day period. The employee should be provided adaptable working hours to perform to their best. Administration now invites upward correspondence and cooperation of lower level representatives in the basic leadership prepare. Change of workforce: The statistics of the workforce has changed in the present century. This is because of various elements such as a maturing populace, work deficiencies and migration. Another reason that has changed the workforce is the adjustments in the states of mind of laborers (Champoux 2016).The organizations need to adjust their enrollment, preparation and administration procedures to adjust to evolving workforce. The bosses may need to go up against less talented specialists at first and create them, instead of just contracting experienced individuals. Employing workers from abroad can help to achieve success in the organization Management of Knowledge: Administration of information is an organized action that increases the ability of an association to obtain, share, and use learning for its survival and achievement. The choices we make are depend on the information of some kind. To improve these activities and their principle characteristics and choices, it is important to grasp the method of administering the information. Research studies have explained that reliable culture is an important hindrance to utilize scholarly resources. They emphasize on four separate routes in which culture lays a profound impact on the hierarchical practices integral to information creation, sharing, and utilization. The very first is the doubt about what information is and which learning merits overseeing. The second route is the connection among various individuals and authoritative learning. The social communication that decides how learning can be utilized as a part of specific circumstances is the third component. And the fourth and last route is the procedure by which information is created, legitimated, and circulated in the associations (Holsapple 2013). Conclusion It can be concluded that organizational behavior is the way by which the individuals in an organization interact with each other and with the customers. A fruitful and effective organizational setting can be easily deduced by a healthy and mutually respectful relationship between the environment of the organization or workplace ambiance and the operational structure of the organization. Organizations that are open systems largely rely on the organizational atmosphere. The environment of an organization is determined by organizational behavior in both the staff and the management. As explained above, organizational personality involves communication, interpersonal, time management skills and respecting each other culture along with the ability of integrity and a proper organizational environment can not be effectively established without these traits. References Bolino, M.C., Klotz, A.C., Turnley, W.H. and Harvey, J., 2013. Exploring the dark side of organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(4), pp.542-559. Champoux, J.E., 2016. Organizational behavior: Integrating individuals, groups, and organizations. Routledge. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. DuBrin, A.J., 2013. Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier. Greenberg, J. and Colquitt, J.A. eds., 2013. Handbook of organizational justice. Psychology Press. Hogg, M.A. and Terry, D.J. eds., 2014. Social identity processes in organizational contexts. Psychology Press. Holsapple, C. ed., 2013.Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Judge, T.A. and Robbins, S.P., 2015.Essentials of organizational behavior. Pearson. Langton, N., Robbins, S.P. and Judge, T.A., 2013.Fundamentals of organizational behaviour. Pearson Education Canada. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Rice, A.L., 2013.The enterprise and its environment: A system theory of management organization(Vol. 10). Routledge.

Distance learning programs an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

Distance learning programs Introduction The topic of distance learning programs, of those existing in tribal colleges and the concept of introducing DL into other tribally controlled establishments, is the following compilation of information, questing for the answer if distance learning programs have a benefit to those within the tribal and reservation communities. Several subtopics will be discussed throughout the course of the document, covering the topics of tribal colleges and some history in relation to the formation of this academic institution (through examination of two college programs), highlights of distance learning programs and their contents, brief details regarding current reservation life, and the learning styles, based on traditional upbringing and values, of Native American students, along with profound percentages of drop-out rates, proceeding to a conclusion. Need essay sample on "Distance learning programs" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Tribal Colleges Two tribal colleges, of the 24 tribally controlled institutions (2002), Oglala Lakota College and Northwest Indian College, stand out for examination of history, degree offerings, and availability of distance learning programs. Oglala Lakota College The first tribally controlled college in the United States, OLC is located in Kyle, South Dakota; this is the main center, otherwise known as Plya Wiconi (OLC website). Since its beginnings, several other sites have been set up throughout the state to facilitate educating tribal communities, of the Lakota nation in particular. This academic institution is located on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, considered the poorest reservation, by economic standards. Sanctioned and governed by the tribe, the college seeks to meet the needs of the reservation residents in pursuit of higher education. A 13 member Board of Trustees, comprised of nine reservation district representatives, two tribal council members, one OST president or someone of designation, and one student representative, oversee decisions, new ideas, projects plans, etc.. Chartered in 1971 as the Lakota Education Center, OLC started as a non-accredited learning center for tribal residents, working in correlation with Black Hills State College, University of South Dakota, and South Dakota State University with various degree programs. Although considered a complicated educational system, it was functional for students attending those beginning years (OLC website). The first associate degrees were awarded in 1974, and in 1978, the college's name changed to Oglala Sioux Community College. Degree offerings at the time were: BA Elementary Education, AA Education, General Studies, and Lakota Studies, along with AS Human Services and Nursing. The 1980s saw many changes for OLC, starting with eligibility for accreditation in 1983, along with another name change which reflected the status from a community college to a four year academic institution, along with using proper terms, according to linguistics and cultural awareness. Oglala Lakota College became the name for the college; there is no word in the community's language for the word Sioux, therefore the word Lakota, meaning the people, came into use (OLC website). 1987, into the decade of the 90s, specifically 1992 and 1994, saw expansions with existing programs and degree availability. The following degrees became available to students: BA Lakota Studies, BS Human Services and Applied Sciences, and MA Tribal Leadership. Currently, in regards to distance learning programs, the Information Technology department for OLC uses distance learning/online program tools; otherwise, the idea of creating and utilizing a fully functional and profitable-both for the college and the student body-distance learning program is under examination for consideration of expansion of the college's available programs. OLC board members believe in the philosophy of on-line courses, because of the concept of self-paced study, can present an opportunity to fit academia into regular life (OLC website). Northwest Indian College Founded in 1973 on the Lummi Indian Reservation in Washington State, NWIC began as the Lummi Indian School of Aquaculture; to this day, this academic establishment stands as the only accredited tribal college covering the states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (NWIC website). Since the beginning, the philosophy of NWIC has been to provide post-secondary education within the reservation community and that self-awareness serves as the foundation for achieving confidence, esteem, a true sense of pride, focuses on building a career, creating a self-sufficient lifestyle, and promoting life-long learning through the study of culture, values, and history of the people of the tribal community (NWIC website). The Lummi Indian Business Council recognized the educational needs of the community in 1983, and therefore chartered the school as the Lummi Community College. Five years later, the college was approved for accreditation by the Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges but was not granted full accreditation until 1993. 1989 saw the name change once again, and the academic establishment became known as the Northwest Indian College, becoming recognized as a four year academic establishment (NWIC website). The degrees and certificates available through the college are: AA Native American Studies, Oksale Native Education, and General Direct Transfer Degree; AS Life Sciences; AT Chemical Dependency Studies, Computer Maintenance and Networking, and Individualized Program. Certificate programs are: Native American Studies, Computer Repair Technician, and Individualized Program. Northwest Indian College currently has a fully functional distance learning program, which covers three different availabilities for learning away from the campus environment. Live interactive video, which utilizes K-20 Network (specifically in regards to the tri-state coverage), and connects the following tribal communities, to learning through the network: Makah, Swinomish, Tulalip, and Chief Leschi. On-line learning uses WebCT (other tribal colleges are turning towards this outlet for learning or experimenting with its availability and usage), which offers web-based courses; this can be entirely online study or implemented as a supplemental content to a standard classroom course. Students with a computer, web browser, and connection to the internet are eligible for this program outlet. Independent learning, taking another direction, is an individual, self-paced study directed by an instructor through the use of written materials or weekly teleconferences or videotapes. Communicati on between instructor and student occurs through phone, fax, or email (NWIC website). Distance Learning Programs As early as 2002, growth in on-line distance programs has been noticed. At the time, over half a million students were enrolled for the 2001-2002 academic year. Turning that into tuition dollars, the investment for on-line enrollment stood at $2.4 billion (Gallagher, 2003). A 40% annual growth was predicted to follow in the 2003-2004 academic year, which signified a 5% increase in distance learning programs. Distance learning seems to be fueled by the development and technical advances of web-based technology (Gruedemann, 2007). The consistency of serving local communities, and reaching out to long distance learners as well (considered the newest wave in marketing techniques to continue earning profits for colleges offering distance learning programs), making the programs accessible and flexible to adult students, based on quality and cost, while addressing various program requirements, is the basis of distance learning programs, encompassing various methods of accomplishing academic goals (Gallagher, 2003). Although some faculty members and students struggle to learn and teach within the guidelines of altered roles, and there is evidence of lack of face to face interaction, the benefits of distance learning programs are found through the ease of determined time for studying and meeting assignment deadlines for turning in finished materials, active learning is involved in motivating the student to take part in acquiring knowledge, preparation for real-life work is more tangible, critical thinking skills improve with independent study, and a satisfaction with the learning style can be noted among some students (Gruendemann, 2007). Reservation life-current conditions Although, since the first contact and over the course of history, European Americans have often distorted the reality of Native American communities through romanticizism, stereotyping, and appropriating spirituality, the opposite is to be found within the tribal community (Waller, Okamoto, Hankerson, Hibbeler, Hibbeler, McIntyre, and McAllen-Walker, 2002). There are currently 202 tribes, with 1.5 million residing on reservation land. Native Americans living on reservations still continue to experience high rates of unemployment and low life expectancy among the highest anywhere in the country. Reservations such as the Cheyenne Indian River Reservation, located in South Dakota, lacks water systems, making sanitary conditions nearly impossible, and the tribal members who are employed, survive on less than one-third of the American average income (Gundrum, 2007). The best known example of poor living conditions and the nation's most economically devastated community is the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, also located in South Dakota. This reservation has been the focal point of many events in history; the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890 which US cavalry men massacred 300 men, women, and children, the AIM (American Indian Movement) headquarters of the 1970s, several stand offs between traditionalists and the federal government, resulting in h istorical events such as the Leonard Peltier case of 1977 (Gundrum, 2007). Native American students and learning styles In 1979, the BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs), funded 14, 600 undergraduate students and 700 graduate students; of those numbers, 1,639 received undergraduate degrees and 434 graduate degrees (Waller, Okamoto, Hankerson, Hibbeler, Hibbeler, McIntyre, and McAllen-Walker, 2002). As of 2002, 24 tribally controlled colleges were serving 10,000 students. Even with the increase in numbers for student enrollment with tribal colleges, there are significantly low percentages of students moving from the high school environment to college academics. Native American students have a high school drop-out rate of over 50%, and are considered the American minority to least likely to enroll and eventually graduate from college (Waller, Okamoto, Hankerson, Hibbeler, Hibbeler, McIntyre, and McAllen-Walker, 2002). Why are these figures so high? The question arises if distance learning program availability could possibly turn this percentage around and lower it instead of allowing it to remain consistent o r worse case, rise in the near future. The educational traditions of Indigenous peoples For educating children and adolescents in the native communities, each nation has, according to traditions and beliefs, its own teachings and methods. Oral history and teaching stories, the most noted methodology of teaching for native children, has long been regarded within tribal communities to be a valuable asset of learing; this is followed by ceremonies, such as puberty rites (typically for girls moving into womanhood) and sweat lodge purification (mostly young boys moving into manhood, by way of vision quests or hunting). Apprenticeships, long used before European contact, typically with respected members of the tribal community or with relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, etc are still found to be in use, along with learning games, which in times gone by, prepared children for adult roles as providers, protectors and nurturing figures within their tribal communities. The most overlooked educational tool of native children, and considering all children everywhere in the world, is the classic observation of adults, otherwise known as the "see, then do method (Waller, Okamoto, Hankerson, Hibbeler, Hibbeler, McIntyre, and McAllen-Walker, 2002)." In tribal societies, from pre-European contact to the present, a member of the people is judged by one's contribution to the group as a whole, rather than the Euro-centric philosophy of individualized achievements. Tribal members are considered an essential part of his or her community; therefore achievements are accomplished for the benefit of the entire community. More appropriate teaching and learning strategies may be found through role modeling and cooperative learning styles (Waller, Okamoto, Hankerson, Hibbeler, Hibbeler, McIntyre, and McAllen-Walker, 2002). To compete to win over someone else in the community, without regard for respect for one another, is considered disrespectful and dishonorable. To disregard the entire community for the needs or desires of the individual is to forget being part of "the web of life." The concept of "time" may be a difficult part of the distance learning program baseline for tribal colleges, as within the tribal community, activities or actions are carried through until complete; there is no concept of "deadlines (Waller, Okamoto, Hankerson, Hibbeler, Hibbeler, McIntyre, and McAllen-Walker, 2002)." Rigid schedules of certain distance learning programs could possible cause conflict with traditional teachings within the tribal communities, although schedules are consistent with the concept of obtaining and maintaining Satisfactory Progress within the distance learning program structure (OLC website). Conclusion In conclusion, distance learning programs can be an asset to the tribal communities of which the tribal colleges are reaching out to serve. Tribally controlled colleges have been serving their communities since the establishment of such academic institutions, and to move into distance learning programs can only profit students of the tribal community. Native American students, taught within the traditional structure of their individual nations, can adapt to the distance learning structure of flexibility, active learning-facilitating more of a "hands-on" approach to learning, which in turn improves the concept of critical thinking. Working with the "time" factor may create more ease with following through with a study, which in turn results in satisfaction with the learning style being presented, and in turn, creating a more realistic approach to preparing for the goal of the student: to apply what is learned to real life and to see the rewards of the journey made to real-life work an d the ultimate benefits for the betterment of the tribal community. The concept of more distance program availability within the tribal college structure can also possibly give back to the community in the way of bringing the percentage of high-school drop outs down, creating a motivation to keep those figures down and for Native American students to excel in the academic world to achieve goals that, even though may appear to be based on individual satisfaction and achievement, the results can be taken back into the tribal communities to benefit the nation as a whole. Distance learning programs are also reaching out to adult learners in the tribal communities, as more and more adults are returning to achieve or finish educational goals. Adults within the community still carry influence as to what children and adolescents will choose to do with their own lives, continuing to foster the "see, then do" methodology of learning. If adults within the tribal community can achieve success within the academic structure, then the influence upon the youth of the community can be a positive one. Also, as more and more colleges are experiencing lower enrollments for the more traditional programs, be they tribal colleges or academic institutions not in correlation with the reservation communities, a method of keeping enrollment figures consistent is being examined, experimented with, trialed through success and failure, and seeing results in obtaining and maintaining student numbers. Not all students have the ability to attend more traditional programs, either as full-time, on campus students, or even as part-time, extended over a loner period of time. More and more students are noted as individuals with families, full time employment, life changes that have facilitated seeking out continuing education, and wanting to improve the quality of their own lives, along with the lives of their families and communities. Education is moving away from the classroom environment to a more realistic approach to being able to apply acquired knowledge to real life and to be able to implement that very knowledge to every day life. Works Cited Gallagher, S. 2003. Maximum profit and ROI in distance ed: Planning to refine or launch your online learning programs? University Press, May 2003. Gruendemann, B. 2007. Distance learning and perioperative nursing. AORN Journal. March 2007. Gundrum, Gretchen. 2007. Indian reservations: Land for the Indian? MLA formatted research paper. April 2007. Wallner, M.; Okamoto, S.; Hankerson, A.; Hibbeler, T.; Hibbeler, P.; McIntyre, P.; and McAllen-Walker, R. The hoop of learning: A holistic, multi-systemic model for facilitating educational resilience among indigenous students. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare. March 2002. Northwest Indian College Oglala Lakota College

Chipco †Chips Klein Biography

Chipco – Chips Klein Biography Free Online Research Papers As a professional flamenco dancer Chips Klein had to apply a lot of make-up and false eyelashes daily, a process which was long and tedious. When she left her dancing career behind and started working in the cosmetics industry (doing makeovers for customers) she immediately realized that it was much easier to apply make-up to someone else than to herself. The problem was that a regular mirror didn’t allow women to see their face as a 3D object while applying their own make-up. Chips searched for a product that would do just that and when she couldn’t find one, she invented her own. Named an â€Å"Eye Maker† it was 3-way mirror that allowed the view of both upper and lower eyelids, thereby making the application of make-up much easier. This was a very simple and ingenious idea. However, when Chips Klein tried to bring her product to market she was faced with many challenges. While she managed to sell almost 4,000 units of the â€Å"Eye Maker† in just a few months, she did not receive a single reorder, which meant that the end consumers were not buying her product. While I agree with the evaluation report from the Canadian Industrial Innovation Center Design which suggests that the market for such a mirror is quite small, I still believe that there is potential to sell a lot more of this product. In order to successfully sell her â€Å"Eye Maker† Chips Klein, first of all, needs to develop her Marketing Plan. She should really concentrate on each of the 4 Ps of successful marketing mix: product, price, place and promotion. In my opinion, one of the main reasons for the low sales volume was the poor design of the product. As it was mentioned in the evaluation report â€Å"design should be as aesthetically pleasing as possible†. Therefore, Chips Klein should follow the advice from that report and hire an industrial engineer who will design an attractive and functional product. Due to the fact that † The Eye Maker† is a new innovative product, the packaging of the product is also very important. It should not only be visually appealing but it should also highlight the benefits of the â€Å"Eye Maker† to the consumer, explaining why they should buy it. Designing the product and packaging is of paramount importance; until this is done Chips Klein s houldn’t even try to approach anyone for financing. Secondly, Chips shouldn’t be limiting her company to have only one sales agent; she should expand her distribution network across Canada and United States. Therefore, I think Chips made a mistake by giving Fred Becker the exclusive rights to Canadian market for such a long period of time. No matter how good a salesman Fred Becker might be, one person is just not enough. I believe that she should try to renegotiate the contract for next year. Chips should also explore the possibility of selling her mirror at the specialty stores that sell theatrical make-up and accessories. I think â€Å"The Eye Maker† will be much more popular with these consumers, who can really appreciate the benefits that a three-dimensional mirror provides. Another concern was the fact that sales of the mirrors dropped dramatically after the New Year. This is most likely because â€Å"The Eye Maker† is a seasonal product. While it makes an original and inexpensive Christmas gift, few women will actually buy this product for themselves throughout the rest of the year, especially since they are not aware that such product exists. Therefore, Chipco should not have its own production. Instead production should be outsourced to a third party. It does not make sense to pay for the overhead if the company will not be operating at full capacity throughout the year. The best course of action for Chips Klein, of course, would be to license the â€Å"Eye Maker† in return for a royalty fee to a big cosmetics company such as Max Factor or Revlon which will take care of the production, distribution, promotion and retailing. Research Papers on Chipco - Chips Klein BiographyMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasOpen Architechture a white paperTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalCapital Punishment

Strategic intelligence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic intelligence - Assignment Example â€Å"Open sources often equal or surpass classified information in monitoring and analyzing such pressing problems as terrorism, proliferation, and counterintelligence† In this sense, OSINT is extremely important for formulation of military plans and government policies The OSINT can be segmented further into various divisions, according to the nature of the sources from which the information is extracted. However many a times officials feel that open source information are too open to be benefited for the secretive nature of military strategy or Governmental policies? OSINT can be related to wide variety of resources like internet, media and public data. The OSINT is the publicly available information which is utilized by American Intelligence Agency and U.S. Department of Defense. Apart from publicly available data, various vendors also supply information to the intelligence agency and government under one name. Generally speaking, OSINT is the easiest way of procuring information from a particular resource. Apart from OSINT, another data collection method which is of primary importance is HUMINT.HUMINT here refers to the human intelligence and information gathered with the assistance of interpersonal connection. This can be acquired with the aid of interview with people, government advisors, accredited diplomats, espionage, Nongovernmental organizations, prisoners or detainees and refugees. Here the information is gathered or collected from interacting with real human beings. However the information collector needs to have accurate knowledge about what needs to be collected in order to make good use of the gathered information. If the information collected is inadequate, there is a chance that there would be loss of energy time and expenditure. Even while collecting information through HUMINT, attention should be given that information collected are genuine. A lack of authenticity in information gathered can result in poor military strategic plans

Strategic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

Strategic Analysis - Essay Example Being in 62 countries, the company has employed over one hundred and eighty-two thousand people. They offer their services in their coffee shops, homes and even in offices. The flexibility has made them acquire the loyalty of many customers. They operate in the stock market and have the majority of the market shares (The New York Times, 2014, retrieved fromhttp://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/starbucks_corporation/index.html ). They have a variety of brands that help meet the varying demands of customers. Starbucks operates in a highly competitive environment with many and strong competitors. The coffee business has no entry limitations and therefore competition grows each day. Despite the situation, Starbucks has managed to remain competitive and providing its customers with high-quality products. Starbucks operates well-maintained stores in terms of health and comfort (Michelli, 2007, p. 22). Their neatness maintains their customers and attracts new customers too. The management in each of the stores is strategic. They have ensured that all the services offered are premium. The managers have ensured that their customers feel that the products are adapted and personalized. The comfort in the coffee shops has made them become social places and hence, attracting many customers. The many people meeting in the Starbucks coffee shops have been their largest strong point in terms of expanding and increasing their economies of scale. The organization is very selective when hiring their staff. Well-trained employees who have a sense of customer service run the corporation. They train their employees on a yearly basis, hence growing to the world’s leading coffee shop in terms of restaurant service. Starbucks trains their employees not only to make coffee but also on service value of the corporation. This has improved their employees’ productivity and innovation capacity. They motivate their employees through provision of medical covers and

Human impact on climate Essay Example for Free

Human impact on climate Essay Abstract Climate change has long been a controversial issue among governments and world bodies. It is defined as the variation in the Earth’s global climate or in regional climates over time. These variations may be caused by a multitude of factors, some of which include geological changes within the Earth itself, changes in forces outside the earth, or human activity. When talking about this issue, two terms are often interchanged to refer to these variations in normal weather patterns, namely global warming and climate change. The two however, while similar, belong to different spectrums. This paper seeks to examine the role of human activities as a form of climate change. Overview Global warming simply pertains to the recent gradual warming of the temperature in different locations around the earth. Climate change, as defined by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), talks of variations in weather in general, but which are caused particularly by human activity. Although there have been steps taken towards curbing the destructive effects of climate change, there continues to still be a sense of apathy on the parts of some governments with regard to it. The continued burning of fossil fuels in power plants, vehicles and other machines are directly responsible for producing air particles that contribute to warming the earth’s atmosphere. The conversion of forests to farmland or real estate developments has also reduced the amount of trees overall, thus cutting down the chances of more trees mitigating the carbon levels in the air, as well as absorbing and acting as a natural control for floods. Effects of Climate Change Climate change will have many effects on the environment, some of them already visible while others are slowly already being experienced in different parts of the world. Currently, scientists project that the mean global temperature will rise about 3 degrees Celsius, assuming the amount of carbon dioxide in the air doubles due to continued use of fossil fuels. Another projection was the rising of the mean sea level by about 50 cm, a relatively significant rise in light of the fact that computer model estimates have shown that several low-lying states and countries may, in part or whole, be submerged by the rising water level. The warming of temperatures at the mid-continent levels, as well as those in higher latitudes, will also be greater as compared to other locations. It has therefore been predicted that a considerable amount of polar and glacial will melt, as well as the continued warming of the oceans. These two events will constitute for the most part the increase in water levels mentioned earlier. Also to be seriously affected is the ecosystem, along with the natural order of the environment. Due to the heat that would be generated, more tropical climates would be prevalent, thus the focus on migration as well as agricultural production and output would shift all over the world. For the wildlife, the changing ecosystems would directly affect their natural habitats and breeding places. As it is, researchers continue to forecast that global warming may cause the easier proliferation of disease due to the idea that disease-carrying insects and other animals may migrate to other locations due to the changing weather. The hydrologic cycle will also intensify, with changes in water supplies as well as weather seasons such as droughts and flood, which could then greatly affect crops and other natural sources of food. Lastly, the effects of climate change on the broad concept of international security cannot be discounted. With more poor countries potentially facing an environmental disaster of catastrophic proportions, masses of refugees could converge on those remaining industrialized and highly urbanized nations that remain only somewhat affected. Also, should fossil fuel use not be successfully curbed in time, the scarcity of it will only mean that nations who have remaining reserves will become more powerful and dominant in the world stage, with new influential nations possibly developing.

A Defense Of Individualism Based On Foydor Dostoevskys Novel:notes F E

Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel, NOTES FROM THE UNDERGROUND, has held many labels, such as being a case history of nuerosis or a specimen of modern tragedy. The most popular label it has obtained however, is being the author's defense of individualism. The novel is writen as a performance, part triad, part memoir, by a nameless personage who claims to be writing for hiomself but consistently maipulates the reader--of whom he is morbidly aware-- to the point where there seems to be no judgement the reader can make which has not already been made by the writer himself. The underground man is represenative as a product of individaul pathology or a biographical accident. He is "one of the characters of our recent past," part of a generation that is living out its days among us. Internal eveidence makes it clear that his generation is of the 1840s. He shows the fate of the isolated petty clerk and Dostoevkian dreamer twenty years after, surveying his wasted life in the new spiritual climate of the 1860s and at the same time finding justification for his own grotesque being in the simplistic views of the human nature now current. IN the first part of the novel, the underground man describes himself and his views, and attempts, as it were, to clarify the reasons why he appeared and is bound in our midst. The mention of his self and his views raise thequestion of how the two are related. Are we to understand his views as the product of his wasted life or independently? There...

Managing Political Risks Essay

A firm must be able to manage the different kinds of political risks that it may have to face by investing in a particular country. Firm-specific risks are defined as risks that affect the multinational enterprise at the corporate and/or project level. The most consequential firm-specific risk is referred to as the â€Å"governance risk,† which entails that there may be a conflict of goals between the multinational enterprise and the host government (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 5). Volatility of foreign exchange rates is another example of a firm-specific risk (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens). Country-specific risks must also be managed. These risks affect the multinational enterprise at the corporate and/or project level, too. However, the difference between firm-specific and country-specific risks is that the latter originate at the level of the country. Institutional and/or cultural risks in addition to â€Å"transfer risks† are examples of country-specific risks (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 6). While the latter involves the issue of â€Å"blocked funds,† the former involves problems such as corruption in the country where the multinational enterprise intends to invest its funds (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 6). Lastly, the multinational enterprise must seek to manage its global-specific risks. These risks affect the enterprise at the corporate and/or project level but originate at the level of the entire globe. Poverty and terrorism are examples of global-specific risks (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens). Indeed, it is possible for the multinational enterprise to manage the three types of political risks. There are three principles methods of political risk management: â€Å"limiting, diversifying, and hedging (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 20). † The first method refers to the investor’s effort to limit the exposure to the political risk by â€Å"putting a cap on the exposure vis-a-vis a particular country, often as a percentage of overall exposure or own funds (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 20). † Netting is involved in this procedure, as the investor must calculate the net exposure before â€Å"trying to derive a smaller overall position (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens 20). † Following this political risk management procedure, a parent company may decide to limit the amount of funds that it transfers to its subsidiary that directly faces a particular type of political risk (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens). Diversification is another useful method of managing political risks. A multinational enterprise, when faced with political risks, may decide to spread the exposure among various countries that are not perfectly correlated. If the enterprise is faced with corruption in the countries of two of its subsidiaries, it may choose two more countries where corruption is not a political risk. As a matter of fact, this method of managing political risks tends to be the easiest and therefore most commonly used (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens). Hedging is yet another way to manage political risks, but is typically understood to be possible only with investment and/or export insurance. As an example, the multinational enterprise may obtain such insurance from the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency of the World Bank. The insurance may provide covers against civil disturbance, war, expropriation, in addition to currency transfers. National insurance companies – run by the government – may similarly be approached by the investor to obtain cover for risks that arise from non-payment (Frenkel, Karmann, and Scholtens). Regardless of the kinds of political risks facing the investor, therefore, it is possible to invest by managing the risks after choosing one or more methods of political risk management. Works Cited Frenkel, Michael, Alexander Karmann, and Bert Scholtens (eds. ). Sovereign Risk and Financial Crises. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2004.

Sleep Essay - 2520 Words

Sleep â€Å"The worst thing in the world is to try to sleep and not to, then forcing oneself to stay awake for days on end must surely come a close second.† - F Scott Fitzgerald We spend one third of our lives doing it, and yet, some of us never seem to be able to get enough. People all over the world don’t receive enough sleep whether it’s from a medical condition like narcolepsy, or simply not having enough time in a day. The effects of getting a good night’s rest are essential and signs of sleep depravation are not as hard to spot as one may think. Sleep can be compared to quicksand, ignore it and you’ll find yourself trapped. It will take over you’re body and if you try to fight it, the more it wins. The effects of not†¦show more content†¦It is estimated that only 15 percent actually get these amounts (Kids Suffer from Sleep Deprivation). This is particularly important for students who wish to do well in school. Dr. Carl Hunt, the director of the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, is spearheading a sleep campaign. Her philosophy is, â€Å"Sleep well, do well.† This is something that shouldn’t be taken to lightly. Sleep problems effect about 70 million Americans of all ages. Teens often have problems with daytime sleepiness. The old idea of early to bed, early to rise isn’t necessarily the best answer. Society is simply asking to much of teens (Sleep experts to teens). A combination of school, work, study and leisure, leaves very little time left for sleep. Being deprived o f sleep definitely has an effect on how well students do in school and may be putting their health at risk. College students who stay up all night to study for a test or write a big paper that’s due often have no choice because of the pressures to do well and succeed, but at what price do they pay? Our bodies are like batteries. If we don’t get sleep they can’t be charged and we’ll feel the effects. 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